Taxpayers who discover an error after filing a federal tax return may need to file an amended return. There are some instances where an amended return isn’t required such as when the IRS corrects errors during processing or requests missing forms or schedules separately.

Reasons to file an amended return
 If there are changes to key items on the original return, including:

• Filing status
• Income
• Deductions
• Credits
• Dependents
• Tax liability

Taxpayers can use the Should I file an amended return? tool within the IRS Interactive Tax Assistant to help decide if they should file an amended return to correct an error or make other changes if they already filed.

Time limits 
 To claim a refund, an amended return must generally be filed within:

• Three years from the date the original return was filed, or
• Two years from the date the tax was paid, whichever is later

If the original return was filed early, the three-year period begins from the April tax deadline. Special rules apply when there are net operating losses, foreign tax credits, bad debts or other issues. Additionally, taxpayers in disaster relief situations, combat zone service, have bad debts, foreign tax credits, or loss or credit carrybacks, may have more time to file an amended return.

How to file an amended return
 Taxpayers must file Form 1040-X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return. When filing, they should:

• Submit a corrected Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR for the applicable tax year
• Attach any supporting documents and updated forms or schedules

Refunds and payments
 For tax years 2021 and later, taxpayers may request direct deposit of refunds when filing electronically. If additional tax is owed, payment should be submitted with the amended return. The amended return replaces the original return, and the IRS will calculate any applicable penalties or interest if filed after the due date.

Status of amended return
 Taxpayers can check the status of an amended return approximately three weeks after it’s submitted. It generally takes 8 to 12 weeks for it to be processed. However, in some cases, processing could take up to 16 weeks.

State tax considerations
 Changes to a federal return may affect a taxpayer’s state tax liability. Taxpayers should contact their state tax agency for guidance and should not attach state returns to the federal amended return.

More information

• Instructions for Form 1040-X
• Amended return frequently asked questions